Manage and maintain machinery scientifically

The substantive problems existing in the use of highway machinery and equipment

1.1 The management system is not sound and the management relations are not smooth

Its management is somewhat disconnected from highway maintenance. The phenomenon of "combining management and use" and "overusing while neglecting maintenance" has not been truly achieved. There is a serious problem in the relationship between usage and maintenance. For instance, if dozens of mechanical equipment are directly allocated to maintenance sections and construction units, the material and equipment management department will not be able to manage the machinery well. They cannot comprehensively and accurately grasp and make scientific decisions on the usage and maintenance of the machinery. At the same time, I'm not very familiar with the technical condition of the machinery either, and the accuracy of its business reports and the original ones is unreliable.

1.2 The implementation of rules and regulations is inadequate and there are deficiencies in management

The management knowledge and skills of managers in mechanized construction still need to be rapidly improved. Among the relevant management personnel, those who are proficient in technology, business and management are still far from enough. Not holding meetings to study the substantive issues in the equipment, not inquiring about the functions and maintenance conditions of the equipment, and not strictly and truthfully assessing the economic benefits of the equipment - these are all substantive problems existing in equipment management.

1.3 The idle period of mechanical equipment is relatively long

Highway maintenance work is seasonal, which inevitably leads to a longer idle period of highway machinery and equipment. At the same time, due to the scattered work, there is sometimes an imbalance between busy and idle work. Even if some units have temporarily idle machinery, they are reluctant to transfer it out. As a result, the utilization rate of the equipment is affected. When conditions permit, the advantages of equipment leasing have not been brought into play, or only the output value and profit have been emphasized, while the technical management of the equipment has been neglected.

1.4 The maintenance and upkeep of the equipment cannot be guaranteed

Due to the dispersion of machinery, the maintenance force is naturally weak, the maintenance equipment is incomplete, the technology is obviously not high, and the equipment integrity rate is bound to be affected. The working environment for highway maintenance is rather harsh. It involves long-term open-air operations, frequent mobility, and unstable relocation. Moreover, the professional quality of the operators needs to be improved. Therefore, there are still many deficiencies in transportation and maintenance.

2. The industry particularity of maintenance machinery and equipment

2.1 Specialization of mechanical equipment

The functions of road construction and maintenance machinery are relatively specialized. Coupled with the constraints of the construction volume, it is rare for one machine to be used for multiple purposes.

2.2 Seasonal Impacts

Heilongjiang Province is located in a cold zone where the cold lasts for a long time. Generally, from the end of October to the end of March of the following year, normal construction cannot be carried out for five months, and the mechanical equipment is idle for a long time.

2.3 Dispersed use of mechanical equipment

It affects the exertion of its efficiency. Constrained by the management system and business operation mode, the dual-track system of enterprises and institutions cannot be absolutely centralized. Moreover, the highway is long, with numerous stations, sections and road shifts, and a wide range of construction operation areas and points. The operation volume is not concentrated, so the construction and maintenance machinery can only operate in a decentralized and mobile manner. Therefore, its utilization efficiency is affected.

2.4 The working environment is harsh

The performance of machinery is affected. Road construction and maintenance work is carried out in the open air all year round, and the roads at the construction site are uneven, which directly affects the performance of machinery and the exertion of economic benefits.

2.5 Low personnel quality and poor technical proficiency affect the integrity rate and utilization rate of the equipment

In many units, experienced senior staff have retired or been transferred away, and there are many young machine drivers. Many of them have not received systematic management training and can only operate simply without understanding the mechanical performance. This causes significant damage to the machinery during production. Some even violate technical regulations, operate while faulty, and fail to maintain and repair in a timely manner, all of which directly affect the integrity and utilization rate of the machinery.

2.6 It is prone to polarization in management

The mixed management system in the operation of enterprises and institutions is prone to two-level management. One fear is that if it is relaxed, it will lead to the chaotic phenomenon of "eating from the same pot". The second fear is that being overly meticulous and strict in management will restrict the development of equipment productivity.

3. Strengthen management to bring out the benefits of machinery

3.1 Rationalize the management system of highway equipment and strengthen the functions of highways

Strengthening management functions, implementing equipment management regulations and systems, and adhering to management requirements throughout the entire equipment operation process, truly achieving the principle of combining macro management with coordinated services, is a specific measure to rationalize the equipment system, fully leverage the benefits and roles of equipment, and ensure the normal operation of equipment in accordance with regulations and systems. Formulate a sound management approach covering the purchase, management and maintenance of equipment in a one-stop manner. We should ensure that there are rules to follow and violations are punished. We should effectively apply a series of measures including administrative, economic and technical ones to manage and use the equipment well. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the stability and continuity of the maintenance personnel, strictly implement all relevant rules and regulations, and strengthen the management of both the indoor and outdoor operations of mechanical equipment. All these should start from the basic work. For the outdoor operations, there should be original records for task dispatch, usage and dispatching, and operation in accordance with the procedures. The internal ledgers, cards and files should be complete. During operation, regular inspections, maintenance, repairs, and evaluations as stipulated should be recorded. Statistical reports should be timely and accurate. Economic accounting should be conducted for all economic revenues and expenditures, as well as the retention of various funds. A responsibility system should be established in combination with economic benefits. All the above-mentioned management should gradually achieve institutionalization, standardization and normalization. Only in this way can the integrity rate and utilization rate of the equipment be improved, and the economic benefits of the machinery be better exerted.

3.2 Use, Maintenance and upkeep of mechanical equipment

Regular and proper maintenance and scientific and reasonable use will significantly reduce the frequency and cost of repairs. At the same time, during use, it is necessary to rationally equip mechanical matching and scientifically schedule according to the requirements of the construction project volume and process technology, to avoid the waste phenomenon of idle machinery caused by large horses pulling small carts and single operations. According to the technology of mechanical use, regular maintenance should be carried out to deal with minor problems and malfunctions in their infancy. Seasonally idle mechanical equipment must be properly stored, properly sealed and maintained, and rented out within the permitted range as much as possible to increase economic benefits and improve equipment utilization. Strengthening the quality training of maintenance teams, appropriately purchasing warranty equipment, implementing economic responsibilities, and ensuring services not only improves the integrity rate of equipment but also prevents the outflow of repair costs. Therefore, strengthening maintenance and management is an important means to bring out the efficiency of machinery.

3.3 Enhance the quality of management and operation personnel

Strengthening the construction of spiritual civilization, enhancing ideological and political education for employees, and improving the political and ideological quality of aircraft maintenance management personnel and operators are the foundations for doing all kinds of work well. Based on the technical equipment conditions and management systems of each unit, personnel who are proficient in technology and business and willing to contribute should be given more opportunities to actively participate in equipment management and operation. For weak links, medium and short-term training should be provided to enhance their management capabilities and operational skills. Achieve "three understandings and three abilities", namely, understanding the principle, understanding the structure, and understanding the application. Be capable of operating, maintaining and troubleshooting to meet the requirements of modern management.

In conclusion, only by grasping the management tenet of mechanical equipment and implementing its management methods can the equipment management department give full play to the performance of maintaining mechanical equipment and achieve good economic and social benefits.