Precautions for Winter construction of construction machinery

1. Select the right oil for the mechanical equipment

As winter approaches, it is necessary to choose the right fuel and lubricating oil based on the local minimum temperature. If the lowest temperature is above -10℃, -10 # diesel can be selected. When it is below -10℃, diesel of a higher grade should be chosen to avoid poor fuel supply to the engine due to low temperatures, which may prevent the machinery from starting and operating normally. At the same time, the engine oil should also be changed to winter-specific oil as required by the equipment to reduce starting resistance and ensure lubrication. Due to the low temperature in winter, the viscosity of the hydraulic oil increases, and the negative pressure of the hydraulic pump suction rises, resulting in insufficient oil supply and affecting the operational accuracy and agility of the actuating elements. Therefore, it is also necessary to select the specified type of hydraulic oil.

2. Do a good job in preheating the mechanical equipment

For an engine, when starting at low temperatures, due to the high viscosity of the engine oil, the lubricating oil will be insufficient in a short period of time and cannot cover all lubrication points. If the engine runs at high speed at this time, it may cause accelerated wear of the crankshaft, camshaft and rocker shaft, etc., and in severe cases, it may cause serious accidents such as cylinder pulling and bearing burning. So, after starting the engine, it should idle for a period of time. Only when the water temperature rises can the load be increased. The preheating of the hydraulic system is the same. When the temperature is too low, the viscosity of the hydraulic oil increases, making it difficult to draw in oil, resulting in insufficient oil pumping volume and affecting the force and sensitivity of the actuating elements. If the load is added at this time, due to the excessive negative pressure, it may also cause the copper hinge of the plunger in the plunger pump to be damaged, resulting in a major accident. At the same time, since the lubrication of hydraulic components also relies on hydraulic oil, if the pump oil volume is insufficient and the lubrication is poor, it will greatly affect the service life of the pump and motor. Therefore, after starting the engine, all hydraulic components should be run a few times without load first, and all actuating elements should act a few times to ensure that hydraulic oil passes through each hydraulic component, avoiding construction accidents caused by the jamming of control valves.

3. Strengthen equipment inspection and maintenance work

When the temperature drops, the sealing parts at the oil cylinders and hydraulic pipe joints of the equipment will crack and shrink, resulting in poor sealing and leakage. The transmission connection parts and bolts will also be affected by the low temperature, causing a decrease in strength and rigidity, such as water leakage from the water seal cover plate on the engine side, loosening of the screws on the transmission shaft, and detachment of the pin connection, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance inspections, promptly identify problems, eliminate minor hazards, and prevent major malfunctions. At the same time, maintenance work should also be strengthened. At low temperatures, the fluidity of grease is poor, and grease should be replenished in a timely manner. For water-cooled engines, it is necessary to replace the antifreeze in a timely manner to prevent accidents such as the engine block and cooler cracking due to freezing. Before the start of work and after the end of each day, strict inspections should be carried out to prevent human accidents, ensure the normal operation of equipment, and guarantee the normal progress of winter construction.